Use Of Camera Movement In 'Layer Cake' and 'Essex Boys' and How It Affects The Audience

In ‘Layer Cake’ the camera continually moves during the opening which creates a sense of sophistication, it has this effect because the images merge into each other instead of cutting between them quickly and this smooth merging looks classy and refined. The two most used types of camera movements in the opening are tracking and panning. These two types are very similar to human eye and head movements and make the audience feel involved. The way the scenes merge could also make the impression of drugs as the camera doesn’t stay still and it moves from one thing to the next quickly like the camera has a lack of concentration and this simulates some of drugs effects. The camera merges into a scene of a shop that’s apparently selling drugs and the camera moves along the shelves and shows the different drugs like the audience is browsing through them, the main character is shown doing the same and it makes the audience feel connected to the man. The camera moves to outside the shop where the camera tracks the character from the front which gets all the British icons in the scene such as the zebra crossing which makes the British audience relate to the man because he is British so they feel more connected to him. The camera doesn’t follow the man inside the house but goes up from the outside and fazes through the blinds into the room, it gives the impression that the characters are letting the audience into their lives and showing them their secret, it creates a feeling of trust with the main character and makes the audience feel a part of the crime. The constantly moving camera shows that there is not only three walls, for example in some TV shows like “Friends” where a wall is missing so the audience just observe the lives of the characters, in Layer cakes the walls are present so the audience is included in the scene making them feel more involved, unlike the purely observational stance of “Friends”. The camera pulls away from the scene to show a police car which is used to merge into another scene in Amsterdam where another set of characters are introduced. The characters in this scene are shown in an observational manner; the camera doesn’t go very close and shows the background of Amsterdam which doesn’t relate to the audience so they don’t feel close to them like they do with the British man. The camera seems like it is keeping a distance to these characters so the audience feel the same. Back with the main characters there is a scene showing all of the middle men in the drug business and the camera moves around them but stays quite close which shows the respect the audience should have because they are close to the camera and therefore close to the audience so they should be trusted and respected. The camera seems to walk around the room and it shows everyone in the room as well as some of the props like the cocaine packages and money. The camera moves to stand in front of the main character on the other side of a small table filled with money and the camera pans down to show the money, this shows the audience how big a business that drug trading is and because the money is obviously used in illegal crime the audience feel further drawn in to the story and drug trade as a collaborator in the crime. In the tracking scene used after this the camera is in front of the main character and this gives the audience the impression of being on the same level as the character, rather than if the camera had been following the character. The primary use of camera movement in ‘Layer Cake’ is to involve the audience in the crime as much as possible and make them feel connected with the main character.



In ‘Essex Boys’ the camera switches between views in a room to make the audience feel involved, the camera mainly uses close up shots and switches between outside views of the scene and point-of-view-shots to make the audience feel connected to the main character. In the first scene the camera is still and shows the silhouette of a man, the audience are observing from afar so they can see what is happening but the voiceover draws the audience in while the camera remains stationary. The camera follows the main character and moves into the passenger seat beside him which makes the audience feel involved and the main character feels like a friend because he is explaining to the audience about himself so being next to the character in the passenger seat makes it seem like trust is being created with the audience and main character. The camera tracks the car with the two men inside and follows them into a tunnel which gives the audience the impression that they are being led into something, when the van pulls into the fish market the camera leaves the main character to follow the other man as he walks towards a third man, the camera shifts between the second and third mans point of view to show the audience that they are getting close to each other and to show the second mans intention of hurting the other. The camera pulls back when he starts beating the man up so simulate being either scared of disgusted, the camera looks at the main character a few times as though to see his reaction to the scene, this implies that the audience are on the main characters side and take his reactions into account before making a decision. The camera switches between the main character and passengers point of view to make the audience feel like a part of the conversation. The camera shows a still shot of the marshes and the second man throws the third into the marshes with the intention to leave him, the camera pans to the side as he walks past and shows that the camera was standing next to the main character, the audience would feel like they and the main character were both observers and make them feel connected as they are both witnessing a crime without saying anything which makes them both accomplices. When the main character takes the second man to a rich house the camera stays with the main character at first then moves to the second man which simulates a person walking to the other and looking at what the second man is looking at. The camera acts like a person in the way it moves, it could be related to a shy person as the camera at first remains with the main character like he is protecting it then becomes bolder to look around and see what is happening. This creates a sense of participation and involvement with the audience and creates a sense of trust and confidence with the main character.

In both films the camera is used to make the audience feel involved with the main character. In ‘Layer Cake’ the camera is used to go into the characters lives as a person as the voiceover makes it seem like the character is talking to the audience and telling them secrets of the trade which makes them feel like new recruits to the business and creates a mentor with in the main character but also a friend. In ‘Essex Boys’ the camera is also nearby or close to the main character which forms trust between the main character and audience, the voiceover makes the audience feel like friends with the main character and the camera movement makes the audience feel like they are in the same boat with the main character by witnessing crimes together and both being silent about it.

Audiences and Institutions: Red Road

Advert Analysis: Intimately Beckham

Codes and conventions:

The two models are close to each other and positioned with the woman leaning against the man. Both are wearing black which makes their skin stand out against the black background. The perfume bottles are in the foreground at the bottom of the advert but are not a part of the scene with the two models, they have been superimposed on. The slogan “Intimately Beckham” is a similar colour to the models skin tone so it stands out against the background. The word “Night” is made up of small dots of white which are similar to the lights sometimes used in Hollywood signs. The camera angle is face on to the models and only shows their head and shoulders, the light is also being shined on them which makes their skin glow and makes them look surreal.

The image is culturally specific to England because the models are British icons and well known in England. The models are famous and this helps promote the perfume because it makes people feel good if they use a perfume that a famous person used or made. It also implies that using the perfume might put the consumer in the same situation as the Beckhams, is represents and appealing lifestyle. The genre is intimacy and erotica as the two models are very close and the models have their arms around each other’s necks which would mean that they have a lot of trust in each other. The Beckhams also use the perfume advert in a second way and that is to advertise themselves and bring attention to the fact that the perfume is theirs which will get them more money and attention.

Representation:

The world represented is exciting because the models are rich and famous, but the advert also represents love and relationships. The female model is being represented as a sex object and submissive to the male model. This is shown through the female facing more towards the male than the camera while he is looking directly at the camera. The male has his arm around the female’s neck and is gripping her arm which is a show of dominance. The female has he left hand holding the males arm and it shows her wedding ring and this implies that she belongs to him, while his wedding ring is hidden. The advert reinforced traditional attitudes towards marriage because the female is submissive and the male is dominant.

Audience:

The advert is from the magazine FHM, which is targeted at a male audience; this means the advert is too. There is a perfume for women advertised along with the men’s perfume which implies that the advert is aimed at married men or couples. The target audience is most likely C1 and B class, although it may also be appealing to low A class. The advert appeals to the audience because is shows a desirable lifestyle and a glamour that many people strive for.

Evaluation:

Overall I think that the advert is very well done for its target audience, it shows C1 and B class males an ideal lifestyle with a beautiful girlfriend or wife and lots of fame which many men aspire to. The advert implies that using the perfume made and publicized by a British iconic couple could give the consumer the same. Although this probably wouldn’t happen the idealism is there. The perfume is endorsed by the Beckhams which makes the perfume seem more exclusive and this would encourage the consumer to by the product. The dark colour of the perfume bottles adds mystery and, added with the couple, is looks seductive.

My Final Advert

I called the perfume Dawn because it represents new beginnings which mean that the perfume is associated with new starts and renewals. The perfume name also links with the slogan “Feel Renewed” and the background as it supports the whole sunrise theme. The perfume bottle is gold which the colour of the sunrise is and this further connects to the scene. The silhouetted woman is standing in front of the rising sun which makes her stand out and catches the eye of the consumer, the sunrise surrounds the model and makes her look ethereal. The models body language portrays confidence as well as seductiveness and because she is wearing a short dress she looks sophisticated. The camera is front on and at a medium range so the whole model can be seen as well as the background. I did this because I wanted the background to be a part of the scene because it is important to the overall effect of the advert. I used natural backlighting from the sun; the background picture is a sunrise so the lighting is natural and I used this type of lighting so the model would become silhouetted which gives the effect of the women being surrounded by the sunrise. I placed the product in the foreground because the space at the bottom of the screen is very dark so the bottle stands out as a contrast against the black and draws attention because it’s the brightest object in the advert.

I used a dull yellow for the sunrise and a bright gold for the perfume bottle. I did this because I wanted the bottle to stand out and not fade into the sunrise in the background; I used a dull yellow for the sunrise because it was more natural, I did originally put in some pink but the effect didn’t look as good as the yellow alone, I tried lightening and darkening the final picture to see if the effect was changed and I found that lightening the picture made the sunrise look too bright and darkening the picture lost the legs of the silhouette which I didn’t want because the haze around the legs makes the model look better. The stars at the top of the picture are to add atmosphere because I wanted the consumers to know that the background is a sunrise and not just a light, the stars were also added because people think of stars as mysterious and sometimes romantic in the right setting so I added them to help set the scene as enigmatic as well as romantic.

The target audience is females aged 20s to 30s, I used a female model in the advert to show this and the female model wears a dress to show that she is sophisticated as well as a career woman which means that the females are in the C1 and B demographics. The slogan “Feel Renewed” could indicate an older age group such as 30s to 40s but the model makes the slogan appeal to career or women in education as they would feel tired from working.

The Advert sparks interest because of the silhouetted woman, the silhouette creates mystery and because the silhouette is of a woman and this makes her looks seductive so the genre is shown as mystery/romance. The world and lifestyle being represented is quite surreal, but also sophisticated and exciting. The model looks sophisticated but it also looks quite surreal because of the light coming from behind her that creates a haze of light and makes her look unreal. The advert isn’t targeted at any particular culture, country or race as the female model doesn’t show any ethnicity, nor does the background portray any icons from different cultures or countries. The advert doesn’t stereotype against the female in the picture, the model is shown as the focus point of the scene along with the perfume and is quite dominant rather than submissive which implies the perfume gives confidence in life.

The advert is appropriate for the target audience because it does not depict women in a negative way but empowers them so it is not sexist, the advert appeals to young 20s audience because the advert shows a sophisticated woman which most young women would aspire to as many women in their 20s are in work or education. It appeals to women in their late 20s because the perfume is shown as a ‘must wear’ for sophisticated women so the perfume is made to be an accessory for career women.

Advert Attempts

When I tried to do practise pictures of the background the lighting wasn't very good, I tried to take pictures of dawn and sunset to get the right lighting but at dawn the sky just steadily became lighter until the sun appeared which wasn't the effect I was looking for. At sunset (above) the setting sun wasn't big enough to create the light I needed for the shot, the colours were also too different from the rising sun so the effect of dawn was ruined. Norwich doesn't have the best light at dawn because the sky is often overcast. The best plan would be to either use a picture of a dawn from the internet that has better lighting conditions or to use a spotlight/floodlight to create the sunrise and add the colours in later.

I tried various lights to try and make the desired effect but most of the pictures turned out like the one above. Sunrises are generally a line of dark and the light from the sun makes a half circle and shines light upwards and to the left and right to create a halo around the rising sun. The light in the picture doesn't do that in the right direction or as far out as it would in picture with a actual sunrise. I don't think the light in this picture would create a big enough silhouette to be seen properly. The best plan would be to use a sunrise from a picture in another country such as from a mountain top becuase it would show the light properly in the way I want it. I tried to do a mock up of the silhouette with the light in the background but the light wasn't strong enough to make the silhouette and the light went either side of the model and lit up other parts of the room which was not how I wanted the picture to turn out. Artificial lighting didn't seem to work very well for the picture, the lighting wasn't bright enough to create the desired seen. I will try to make the right effect using a different light and background to try and make the light go the way I want.

I tried to have two walls close together to see if that helped with the lighting behind the model. The light bounced off the walls and illuminated them which ruined the effect of the sunrise. I tried various lights behind the model and different backgrounds to make a sunrise effect but I couldn't get enough light to make it look realistic. I think that using a sunrise already pictured to make the advert background would be the best option because it is very difficult to get the right amount of light artifically without using hig powered spotlights. Highpowered spotlights still may not make the amount of light because they are highly focused and the light would drown the model and may even shine past her and ruin the picture. Using a sunrise would be the best option and super-imposing a silhouette would make the effect better than a real life model with a real sunrise because the lighting would be brighter from a picture with the model added rather than being in the picture to begin with.

Advert Idea

In my perfume advert I had the idea of a female model standing with the light of a sunrise behind her so she is in shadow and silhouetted. The colours would be quite dull and the perfume would be colourful to draw the eye.

I choose a sunrise as a background because the perfume is going to be called 'Dawn' and so the background would link with the perfume name and make it more memorable. The sunrise will also make a haze around the model and the light coming from behind the model will make her a silhouette and make a stronger picture. The colours used for the background will be soft pinks and yellows and the perfume bottle will have a similar colour to the background, either pink or yellow to link it to the scene, although the perfume bottle will have a brighter colour so it draws the attention. I decided to have the model silhouetted because it will make the model look more seductive and enigmatic. I have decided to have the model wearing a shorter dress because it implies confidence. The silhouettes with longer dresses look like they are going to a party which would imply that the perfume is only for special occasion use, soI decided to have the model wearing a shorter dress becuase it looks less formal and so the perfume does too.

The perfume is going to be in the foreground of the picture and be quite big and colourful so it catches attention, it will most likely be a brighter version of the sunrise colours, so either dark pink or golden yellow.

The genre of the advert is going to be seduction and romance and the target audience is 20 to 30's. The slogan will be "Feel Renewed", I chose this because the perfume is called Dawn and dawn signifies a new day and a fresh start so the slogan links in with the perfume.

What Is LA Noir, Binary Opposites and Enigma?

LA Noir:



LA noir is like film noir except that instead of darkness and night time with light to create shadows, it is light and cheery and other objects and items are used to create shadows. For example in LA noir it is sunny but the main characters are in a dark room with the curtains or blinds half closed so natural light shines partially through, while in normal film noir the it would be night time or very overcast and the room would be lit with lamps and unnatural light. This makes the audience feel more enclosed and claustropobic becuase the natural light is being hidden. The natural light creates a more innocent atmosphere and the audience becomes shocked at the characters actions because they were decieved by the light, the the natural light is hidden or partially removed so it implies that the innocence and light is being pushed away by the darkness.

LA noir has a very cheerful atmosphere which makes the audience feel unneasy because it contrasts with the themes of the film. The music used in LA noir is normally upbeat Jazz and it is unnerving because its connected with themes of crime, deception and corruption. In LA noir the voiceover has a very important job, because the sunny nature of LA and upbeat music the voiceover has to lead the audience into the dark themes of film noir and show the evil underside of sunny LA.



Binary Opposites:

Binary opposites are stark opposites such as Black/White, Good/Evil, Life/Death, Light/Shadow and Justice/Corruption. Film noir often uses Binary Opposites to create drama and interest, film noir normally shows aspects of human life and society that is hidden and unseen and this in interesting to most audience because it is shown as taboo. In the opening "The Third Man" the Binary Opposites shown are religion in opposite to crime which are shown by flicking through images of angels and churches and then showing a few dealers selling questionable items. Another Binary Opposite is war and peace which is laid on heavily through pictures of ruined buildings, marching armies and the voiceover talking about it, although the peace side of the opposite is more implied than shown becuase the film was set after the war. A third Binary Opposite was the light and shadow when the American was walking on the streets, through the building and finally up the stairs, his shadow is clearly shown on the staircase and when he is walking through the hallway to the stairs the shadows cast by the archway are very clear and create a tension and nervousness which lets the audience know that something may happen.

Enigma:

Enigmas are questions that the film makes in the opening scenes that will be answered later in the film, they are used to engage the audience so they want to know the answers to the questions. In the opening "The Third Man" some of the enigma's are:
"Who is the man in the voiceover?"
"How/why does he know so much about the situation?"
"Is he important to the film?"
"Why is he talking about the war and crime?"
"Who is Harry Lime? and is he important to the film?"
"Why does he call the American 'poor chap'"?

The enigma's are what make the audience watch the film becuase they are curious about what the answers are and how the questions are important to the film. Enigma's are used to create certain expectations that the audience has for the film, for example in "The Third Man" the audience would expect Harry Lime to appear in the film with a important role because he was one of the first people mentioned in the film and because his full name was mentioned the audience would expect Harry Lime to have an even greater importance. Use of Harry Limes full name makes him sound revered and adored so this also creates expectations in the audience.

Initial Research Cosmetic Adverts

The Dior perfume advert represents freedom and an idealistic lifestyle. The balloons are pulling the model up and away from normal society so it connotes better lifestyles, the background birdseye view of Paris shows an fanciful life in a romantic city. Paris is shown as small in the background of the picture which focuses the attention on the model. The model is wearing pink which is a colour that implies love and romance, she is holding a huge bottle of perfume which also draws the eye and links the perfume to the idealized scene. I like that the picture is colourful and attracts attention if seen in a magazine or on a billboard. I think that I will have a very colourful perfume bottle to be striking in the advert to catch the audiences eye.

The Gucci Envy advert shows two models about to kiss which implies that using Envy will make other people envious of the consumer. The perfume bottle is the only item in colour in the scene and balances well with the picture of the models so they don't outshine each other. The trademark 'Gucci' and the perfume name 'Envy' is written in white which contrasts against the skin of the models and stands out. I like the idea of the words being a contrasting colour to the scene behind it because it can be read easily and is prominent in the scene.

The Calvin Klein advert has very dull tones and the purfume bottles are in colour, this implies that the perfume 'Escape' will brighten up the consumers life. The trademark is in big letters because some consumers like brand names. The scene is quite large and the models seem to overshadow the perfume bottle but the perfume name is huge and this balances it out. I like that the female model is wearing a dress because it looks seductive. The perfume is for both males and females so I like that there is both genders in the picture to show this.

Britney Spears perfume is shown with connotations of animals and nature, the perfume is green which stands out against the soft colours of the scene. The model wears white to symbolise innocence and the slogan "The greatest freedom is to believe in yourself" ties in with the freedom of birds. Most of the birds in the scene are in white cages which also ties to the model to imply that she has power over the freedom of the bird and therefore herself. I like that the model interacts with the other things in the scene.

This advert looks quite sophisticated becuase the black, purple and blue colours look edgy and refined. The model is wearing black and has her hair tied back which looks professional and implies and good career and this is an idealistic lifestlye. The model looks like a career women which targets career women or women who want a career. The scene is involved with the perfume becuase the model is holding the perfume and appears to have written out the perfume name. The perfume name is the centre point of the advert and attracts the most attention. I like the seductiveness of the model wearing black becuase it can look both professional and mysterious.


This Calvin Klein advert is different from the other one, it has very bright colours to signify summer and freshness which is implied by the sea and sand. There are no models in the advert but it still has a scene, although it is not as active as most adverts that have models in. The advert is simple and clean which is quite different from other adverts that have either romance or sexual implications in them. The empty background of the sea also connotes opportunity and changes in lifestyle becuase of the sea. The advert is radically different from most other ads but still has many, if not more, implications behind it that make the advert interesting. I like the simplness of this advert.

This Chanel advert is quite sexual and uses a well known actress as the model Keira Knightley. The model is not wearing clothes and covers herself with a white cloth and a black hat which implies that she has a lover becuase the white cloth looks like a mans shirt. The advert represents a idealistic lifestlye and makes the consumer want the perfume. The perfume bottle is quite a bright colour which draws the eye and is situated right next to the model to keep her in the eyeline. The background behind the modell and perfume bottle isn't too active so it keeps the consumers attention on them, the background is quite simple. I like the use ot spot lights on the background becuase they are in line with the models face and make her look etheral and surreal, it also makes the perfume bottle look brighter becuase it looks like it has a spotlight on it too which draws attention.

Essay on the Opening of 'Sin City'

The scene opens with a long shot of a woman standing in the rain with her back to the camera in a red backless dress, she is standing on a balcony that looks over the city and lights can be seen from the windows of other buildings against the night which makes the balcony and woman stand out more. The fact that she is partly in colour suggests that she will play an important role. The whole scene is in film noir style and the only colour is the woman’s dress and red lipstick which draws the audience’s eye to her, the red connotes danger and lust.

The camera flicks to a close up shot of her face and shows the space over her shoulder where the man can be seen walking towards her. The man is wearing a black suit and a black tie with slicked back hair that makes him look like the ‘bad guy’ character from the original film noir films which gives an expectation that something bad will happen. The two don’t speak until she turns around to face him and while he is walking towards her there is a voice over that sounds poetic and loving., which implies that he either knows her or loves her. The dialogue between the two is very focused and the sentences are short which adds suspense, this creates the expectation in the audience that something will happen. The man speaks about her in a way that sounds obsessive; he says things such as “I’ve been watching you for days” which makes the audience wonder if the man is good or bad because he sounds like he loves her, but his expression and body language is too cold considering what he is saying. The camera has close up shots of iconic props such as the cigarette and the lighter to make them more memorable and to connote film noir similarities.

The contrast between light and shadow is emphasised when the man lights the woman’s cigarette which throws light on her face and shows her eyes which are bright green to make her look more mysterious and enigmatic. The two standing on the balcony are in the shadows but the party in the background is in the light which makes them look isolated and alone. The camera focuses on the woman’s face a great deal when the man is talking to show her emotional responses and the flirty connection the two seem to share. When the two kiss the colours invert but the scene looks quite cartoon like because the two are completely in white and look like they have been cut out, it looks like a parody of chiaroscuro. The is no more dialogue after the two kiss but the voice over picks up and sounds as poetic and loving as before which connotes love and romance.

The camera shows and close up of the two hugging and there is a flash of light and the camera does a close up on the gun and silencer which shows its significance to the scene, the gun creates surprise in the audience because the voiceover made the audience think that the man loved her but the gun rips that idea away. The voice over language changes from poetic and loving to cold facts that sounds more like an assassin which makes the audience re-think their impressions of him as it seems like his loving obsessions is actually an obsessive nature is for a murder target. The last line of the voice over “I’ll cash her check in the morning” shows the idea of moral ambiguity through the man’s job as an assassin. The scene ends with the camera pulling away from the scene at a high angle that shows the cityscape and makes the murder looks insignificant against the huge buildings and city. The camera pulling away from the scene creates a feeling of isolation and insignificance because the buildings tower over the scene and the characters look very small.

The dialogue is fairly short but it adds a layer of depth and complexity to the characters compared to if he had just shot her and left. The audience finds out that the woman is running from something and the man seems to comfort her but he actually uses her weakness as an excuse to get close to her so he can shoot, the scene emphasizes the woman’s vulnerability and weakness which is a running theme in film noir and this is used to set up the audience for a film that follows mostly male characters with either women like the one in the opening scene, or strong women who try and seduce the male characters.

Women in Film Noir

Femme-fatale: a seductive woman who leads men into danger. Often double crossing, beautiful, unreliable, manipulative and desperate. Thier role in the film is generally to act as the 'evil seductress' who leads the hero into trouble or crime.

Conventional film noir women: dutiful, reliable, trustworthy, and loving. The conventional woman is often 'traditional' in the form of her place as a housewife and mother. The women are normally passive and non-threatening. Thier role in the storyline is to seek the main character/hero but normally loses him (in love). They act as an opposite force to the femme-fatale.

5 examples of conventional women in film noir:

Ann - 'Out of the Past'

Sue - 'Pitfall'

Lagana - 'The Big Heat'

unknown name - 'The Killers'

Melanie - 'Gone with the Wind'

5 examples of femme-fatale women in film noir:

Cathy - 'Out of the Past'

Ida - 'Road House'

Rhonda - 'Cry Danger'

Joan - 'Sudden Fear'
Claire - 'Born to Kill'

Conventions of Film Noir

Film noir is normally to do with dark themes such as murder, corruption, crime, loss of love and romance.

The films that are themed around love generally include femme-fatale who are women who try to seduce men and lead them astray. The romance films often have woman who are better known as 'traditional' or 'marrying' type women who try and force the main character of the film into stability which is shown in most of the films as being unwanted and boring. The femme-fatale women are opposite of traditional women becasue they don't want commitments or marriage and give the illusion of more freedom for the male although that is not so in most cases.

The films use lighting to create atmosphere and suspence, becuase the films are in black and white the light and shadows have to be used to create mystery unlike in colour films which can use all sorts of dark colours to create the same atmosphere. In some scenes the shadows are contrasted with light to draw attention to certain things such as an object or person that will be important later in the film. The objects in the scenes are often highly contrasted, for example in "The Third Man" the setting of the film is in Vienna that was bombed in the war which means that many buildings are in ruins but the film also shows scenes of churches and angel which show and visual contrast of good and evil. Good and evil remain a running theme throughout many film noir films becuase it makes more tension and mystery about what will happen in the film.

Directors sometimes angle shots a certain way to make scenes look more scary and unnerving, some of these shots include high angle shot that make the subject look smaller and more vulnerable and this is normally used on victims or innocent characters. Long shots are used in some chase scenes or confrontational scenes so all the characters and surroundings can be seen which creates suspence, for example if a chase scene ended in an alley or enclosed space it would add more expectancy and apprehension becuase the surrounding space is small and can cause a feeling of claustrophobia and anxiety. Many scenes are medium shot becuase the objects and scenery in the backgroun help establish different expectations when coupled with the action in the scene and background music if there is any. A camera angle that is used in "The Third Man" is the 'canted' shot where the camera is tilted some degrees to the right or left to make the audience feel uneasy because it is an unnatural angle it makes the audience feel unbalanced and suggests instability.

There are commonly used iconic items in many film noir films to imply certain things. For example femme-fatale women normally wear black gothic clothing that symbolises evilness and villiany but the clothes are often very revealing that adds a seductiveness to the gothic style, on the other hand the"traditional" women are most likely to wear pale or white clothing that is very modest. The males in the films normally wear either black suits or black suits with a light coloured trench coat with it (possibly beige if colours could be seen). The colours they wear imply whether they are good or criminals, but the man have more subtle clothes so it is difficult to tell just from the clothing. Generally good male characters have one or more items on them which are white or light coloured such as a scarf, coat or shoes, while criminal males normally wear all black with a white shirt that can only just be seen under the black jacket. Sometimes the male character goes through some moral dilemma and the line between good and evil is blurred so the male characters clothing is very similar for both types to show this very thin line between good and evil. Most male characters wear hats and smoke so this could imply masculinity or mystery.